关键词: 水产养殖, 福利化养殖, 精准投喂, 摄食需求, 摄食行为

Abstract: Feed is the most important cost of aquaculture. Precise feeding based on feeding welfare is the focus and difficulty of aquaculture research. The fundamental way to solve the above-mentioned problems is to clarify the characteristic parameters such as feeding demand and feeding rhythm, and present them to decision makers in an intuitive form to guide production. On the basis of systematic literature analysis, the paper deeply analyzes the research progress and development trend of precision feeding technology in aquaculture at home and abroad, and summarizes the specific implementation process and application scenarios of precision feeding research methods based on feeding behavior, non-feeding behavior, self-demand feeding from the perspectives of operating principles, applicable models, and technical characteristics. Based on the scenarios, the key technical points and limitations involved in each method are analyzed in depth. In view of the complex and changeable breeding environment and the uncertainty of fish behavior, realizing accurate feeding of fish still faces a series of challenges. Some problems are still outstanding, such as the difficulty of simultaneous improvement of quality and efficiency, over generalization of feeding decision model, and insufficient acceptance of implementation costs. In the future, from the three aspects of monitoring quality and efficiency, decision-making model, and implementation cost, it is necessary to further improve the sensor detection accuracy and expand functions, to optimize the processing efficiency of algorithm models, and to integrate the advantages of various precision feeding technologies. Systematic research should be carried out based on the logic line of “when to eat (feeding rhythm)-how much to eat (feeding demand characteristics)-how to eat” to achieve efficient and unified system of breeding object-feed-equipment, which can scientifically formulate the feeding mode based on breeding objects, farming models, and farming environment so as to maximize the breeding and environmental benefits, and help the high-quality and healthy development of aquaculture in China.

Key words: aquaculture, welfare culture, precision feeding, feeding demand, feeding behavior