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智能化农业装备学报(中英文) ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (1): 23-30.DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.01.003

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高粱机械化收获效果影响因素分析研究

邱述金1(), 张庆辉1, 于泽虎1, 李凯1, 崔清亮1, 原向阳2()   

  1. 1.山西农业大学农业工程学院,山西太谷,030801
    2.山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷,030801
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-07 修回日期:2024-01-20 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-07
  • 通讯作者: 原向阳
  • 作者简介:邱述金,男,1988年生,山东昌邑人,博士,副教授;研究方向为农业机械装备设计。E-mail: sxauqsj@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家谷子高粱产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-A28);山西省基础研究计划项目(20210302124374);山西省科技创新人才团队专项计划(202204051002036)

Analysis and research on influencing factors of mechanized harvest of sorghum

QIU Shujin1(), ZHANG Qinghui1, YU Zehu1, LI Kai1, CUI Qingliang1, YUAN Xiangyang2()   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China
    2.College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China
  • Received:2023-12-07 Revised:2024-01-20 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-07
  • Contact: YUAN Xiangyang

摘要:

针对高粱收获过程中的籽粒损失、破碎和含杂等问题,研究成熟时期和机收速率等因素对联合收获作业效果的影响规律。以晋杂22号高粱为研究对象,采用小区作业试验方案,分别在乳熟期、蜡熟期和完熟期设置3个机收速率水平进行高粱联合收获作业,机收速率设置为0.5 m/s,1.0 m/s,1.5 m/s,并测定破碎率、含杂率、总损失率与含水率等指标,获得成熟时期与机收速率对收获效果的影响规律。结果表明:成熟时期和机收速率对高粱籽粒含杂率、破碎率、总损失率等收获指标影响均极显著,对3项收获指标影响最大的因素均为成熟时期;在蜡熟期和机收速率为1.0 m/s时进行高粱联合收获作业能取得最佳效果,此时籽粒含水率为14.756%~15.746%,含杂率为0.14%,破碎率为0.29%,总损失率为5.48%。该研究获得了成熟时期和机收速率对高粱收获效果的影响规律,可为高粱机械化收获成熟时期合理选择与收获技术推广提供理论依据。

关键词: 高粱成熟时期, 机收速率, 含水率, 损失率, 含杂率, 破碎率

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of grain loss, breakage and impurity in sorghum harvest, the influence of maturity and mechanical harvest rate on the effect of combined harvest was studied. Taking Jinza No.22 sorghum as the research object, the plot experiment scheme was adopted, and three mechanical harvesting rates were set at the milk ripening stage, wax ripening stage and complete ripening stage, respectively, and the mechanical harvesting rates were set at 0.5 m/s, 1.0 m/s and 1.5 m/s, and the indexes such as crushing rate, impurity content, total loss rate and moisture content were measured, so as to obtain the influence rules of mature stage and mechanical harvesting rate on the harvesting effect. The results showed that the maturity stage and mechanical harvest rate had significant effects on the harvest indexes of sorghum, such as impurity content, crushing rate and total loss rate, and the most influential factors on the three harvest indexes were maturity stage. The best results can be achieved when the wax is ripe and the mechanical harvest rate is 1.0 m/s, when the grain moisture content is from 14.756% to 15.746%, the impurity content is 0.14%, the crushing rate is 0.29% and the total loss rate is 5.48%. This study obtained the influence law of mature period and mechanical harvest rate on sorghum harvest effect, which can provide theoretical basis for reasonable selection of mature period and popularization of harvesting technology of sorghum mechanization.

Key words: sorghum maturity stage, harvesting velocity, moisture content, loss rate, impurity rate, broken rate

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