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智能化农业装备学报(中英文) ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (1): 64-70.DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.01.008

• • 上一篇    

畜禽粪污卧式发酵滚筒设计与试验

陈海林(), 孙文, 刘春生, 王小阳   

  1. 山西省农业机械发展中心,山西 太原,030021
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-01 修回日期:2024-01-23 出版日期:2024-02-15 发布日期:2024-02-07
  • 作者简介:陈海林,男,1974年生,山西人,高级工程师;研究方向为畜牧机械研究与推广。E-mail: 879219695@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221027-1)

Design and experiment on horizontal fermentation drum for livestock and poultry manure

CHEN Hailin(), SUN Wen, LIU Chunsheng, WANG Xiaoyang   

  1. Shanxi Agricultural Machinery Development Center,Taiyuan 030021,China
  • Received:2023-12-01 Revised:2024-01-23 Online:2024-02-15 Published:2024-02-07

摘要:

随着我国养殖业的规模化、集约化发展,畜禽粪污排放量显著递增,对周边大气、土壤、水体等造成严重污染,影响到人类的生存健康,同时也阻碍了养殖业的可持续发展。国家出台了一系列环保和鼓励使用有机肥的政策,鼓励使用畜禽废弃物生产有机肥,用有机肥替代化肥。为响应国家环保政策的要求和破解养殖业畜禽粪污处理的难题,研制了畜禽粪污卧式发酵滚筒,将畜禽粪污与发酵菌种等辅料混合后上料到滚筒内,并辅助加热、曝气、翻搅,实时监测物料温度并可设置电加热和滚筒的启停及运行时长,有利于畜禽粪污完成好氧发酵过程,达到无害化处理的目的。阐述了滚筒的结构组成、工作原理及主要技术参数,根据好氧发酵原理和注意事项,设计了牛粪好氧发酵工艺流程,并按流程完成了粪污卧式发酵滚筒牛粪发酵性能试验。试验结果显示,有机质含量为5.2%、总养分(N+P2O5+K2O)含量为5.1%,各指标均符合NY525—2012《有机肥料》标准,蛔虫卵死亡率和大肠菌群数都在NY884—2012《生物有机肥》标准范围内。该卧式发酵滚筒结构简单,粪污处理效果好,处理周期短,操作简便、经济适用,可满足中小型养殖企业畜禽粪污的无害化处理和资源化利用。

关键词: 畜禽粪污, 好氧发酵, 滚筒, 牛粪, 含水率, 菌种筛选

Abstract:

With the large-scale and intensive development of China's aquaculture industry, the discharge of livestock and poultry manure has increased significantly, causing serious pollution to the surrounding atmosphere, soil, water, etc., affecting the survival and health of human beings, and hindering the sustainable development of aquaculture industry. China has issued a series of policies to protect environment and encourage the use of organic fertilizers, encourage the use of livestock and poultry waste to produce organic fertilizers, and replace chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. In response to the requirements of national environmental protection policies and solve the problem of livestock and poultry manure treatment, a horizontal fermentation drum for livestock and poultry manure was developed. The drum is helpful for livestock and poultry manure to complete the aerobic fermentation process and achieve the purpose of harmless treatment by mixing livestock and poultry manure with fermentation strains and other auxiliary materials, assistance in heating, aeration and stirring, monitoring the temperature of the material in real time, and the setting of electric heating, the start and stop of the drum and the running time. The structure, working principle and main technical parameters of the roller were described. The technological process of aerobic fermentation of cow manure was designed according to the principle and precautions of aerobic fermentation, and the fermentation performance test of manure horizontal fermentation roller was completed according to the process. The results showed that the organic matter content was 5.2% and the total nutrient (N+P2O5+K2O) content was 5.1%, all of which exceeded the standard values of NY525—2012《Organic fertilizer》. The mortality rate of ascaris eggs and the number of coliform bacteria were both within the standard range of NY884—2012《Microbial organic fertilizers》. The horizontal fermentation roller has the advantages of simple structure, good manure treatment effects, short treatment period, simple operation and economical applicability, and it can meet the harmless treatment and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure in small and medium-sized breeding enterprises.

Key words: ivestock and poultry manure, aerobic fermentation, drum, cow manure, moisture content, strain screening

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