Current Issue http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj EN-US http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/1673-5102/current.shtml http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj 1673-5102 http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.001 USA is the country which preserves the most plant germplasm resources in the world although it is not a center of origin of crop plants. Generally, USA has a good National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), with a stable and flexible system of laws and regulations, management policies, germplasm exchange and beneficial sharing and funding system. In recent years, plant germplasm preservation facilities and information network have steadily improved, and a great progress has been made in the fields of germplasm collecting, characterization and evaluation, gene discovery and germplasm enhancement, reflecting the characteristics of basic and non-profit activities. This paper reviews the current situation of preservation and researches on plant germplasm resources in USA and renders advice to germplasm preservation, research and management in China.

]]> http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.002 Potato is one of the main food crops in China, and research on potato molecular breeding research is of great significance. In the diploid potato, QTL mapping and cloning of important genes has been reported extensively; The development of tetraploid linked analysis software, genetic map construction in tetraploid potato and QTL mapping have also made breakthrough progress in recent years. Meanwhile, molecular markers are an important supplement method for potato breeding and it can quickly and accurately screen out multiple good traits. In this paper, the progress of the QTL mapping, cloning of important agronomic traits in potato and 3 resistance traits linkage markers breeding were summarized, to provid a reference and practical basis for accelerating potato molecular breeding.

]]> http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.003 Maize production areas in China have large spans and diverse ecological types, and most of the grain moisture content at harvest stage are on the high level, affecting the quality of grain mechanical harvesting, which is the critical factor that limiting the technical promotion and application of mechanical grain harvesting in China. According to the current studies, the grain dehydration process includes two stages physiological dehydration and natural dehydration. The main controlling factors of dehydration rate in each stage are different leading to a significant difference in dehydration characteristics of maize grain among inter-regional, inter-species and inter-annual. It is difficult to support the formulation of technical measures and supportive policies because of the unclear physiological and ecological mechanisms affected by the dynamic characteristics of maize grain dehydration. This study proposes that the ecological networking experiment on dehydration characteristics of maize grain and their influencing factors, will be conducted in the four major maize producing regions including Huang-huai-hai plain, northeast, northwest and southwest maize region in China. The objective of this experiment is to identify the main controlling ecological factors and physiological ecological mechanism affecting grain dehydration dynamic process. With the theory as the guidance, the coordinated relationship between the grain maturity and the reduction of moisture content as the focus, the regional heat resources are fully utilized to achieve the stable yield and grain mechanical harvesting. By measures such as adjustments to local conditions, integrated use of grain variety breeding, variety maturity period configuration, harvest decision, a complete set of cultivation techniques and supporting policies can be administered tolook for a breakthrough of regional grain mechanical harvesting technology.

]]> http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.004 In order to further understand colchicine on genetic toxic effect on root tip cell chromosomal aberration of crops, Sensitive small Vicia faba and forage Zea mays were used as materials to research its mutation of the chromosomal aberration under the treatments of different concentration colchicine (0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%) and different culture time (24h, 48h, 72h) treatment. The results showed that root tip swelling was induced by colchicine. The induction rate of root tip swelling of Vicia faba was 100% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24h, and the induction rate of Zea mays was 65.8% under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72h. Mitosis of Vicia faba and Zea mays was promoted by low concentration of colchicine (0.01%, 0.05%) and was inhibited at high concentration (0.10% and more). A few types of chromosome aberration were induced, the rate of micronuclei aberration was the highest and then chromosome fragment aberration followed, the induction rate of chromosome bridge was the lowest. The chromosomal aberration rate was the highest under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 72 hours, the aberration rate of Vicia faba and Zea mays were 11.92% and 7.25% respectively. The highest chromosome doubling index of Vicia faba appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.10% and treating period 72h, and the doubling index was 7.97%. The highest chromosome doubling index of Zea mays appeared under the treatment of colchicine concentration 0.20% and treating period 24h, and the doubling index was 4.64%.

]]> http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.005 This study was to explore the salt alkaline bearing capacity of different oat cultivars at the germination stage and screen the oat cultivars which are well suited to grow in Songnen Plain. NaHCO₃ stress was used to simulate the saline conditions of Songnen Plain. Forty-nine major oat cultivars were used in this research. Ten growth indexes, including germination rate (GR), germination potential (GP), germination index (GI), vitality index (VI), radicle fresh weight (RFW), plumule fresh weight (GFW), radicle dry weight (RDW), plumule dry weight (GDW), radicle length (RL), plumule length (GL) were measured under 150mmol/L NaHCO₃ stress. Different analysis methods were used to analyze the experiment data to assess the grade of saline-alkaline tolerance of all 49 oat cultivars. The results showed that three independent comprehensive indexes, which included GP, RFW, RL, were obtained by principle component analysis of saline-alkaline tolerance coefficients of all growth indexes. The comprehensive indexes covered 92.182% of the information of all data; 49 oat cultivars were divided into four groups through subordinate function analysis and clustering analysis. Among them, Mengyan 1, SX3 and Jinyan 9 were highly resistant to saline-alkaline,T6, T13 and other three cultivars were salt-tolerant cultivars, Bayou 12, SX2 and other 27 cultivars were moderate tolerant to saline-alkaline, HLJ 1, Baiyan 7 and other 10 cultivars were sensitive to saline-alkaline. The best regression equation was obtained by stepwise regression analysis, D=–0.09+0.447GP+1.018RFW+0.366RL (R ²=1.000). It can provide a way for rapid screening of saline-alkali tolerant cultivars.

]]> http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.007 In order to breed the hull-less barley varieties which adapted to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, a trial of 12 regions was carried out to evaluate the performance of 15 new hull-less barley varieties in 2010-2012. The results showed that the average yield of Ganqing 5, Ganqing 4 and Kangqing 7 was 4 804.5, 4 741.5 and 4 470.0kg/hm ², which increased by 10.3%, 8.8% and 2.6% compared with the CK, respectively. The three hull-less barley varieties showed wide adaptability and good comprehensive performance, which could promote for cultivation. The average yield of short-white barley and long-black barley was 3 316.5kg/hm ² and 2 971.5kg/hm ², respectively, which reduced by 23.9% and 31.8% compared with the CK. This two varieties had strong regional selectivity except for Diqing area.

]]> http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.008 This study collected the germplasm resources of proso millet in Xinjiang and its surrounding areas. The genetic diversity of agronomic traits was analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods. The results of data analysis showed that the phenotypic traits of proso millet germplasm resources were highly variable, with coefficients of variation ranging from 12.37% to 91.40%; the genetic diversity index was relatively large, ranging from 0.410-0.809. The principal component analysis results showed that the first five main species composition represented 80.020% of information on the phenotypic traits of 14 scorpion resources, and their contribution rates were 36.414%, 20.713%, 8.546%, 7.476%, and 6.870%, respectively. The results of cluster analysis indicated that when the genetic distance was 12.5, the 14 species of proso millet were clustered into 2 categories. The first category was mainly proso millet in the northern Xinjiang, China and the Kazakhstan in which the leaves were short and narrow which can be used as the parent material for high-yielding breeding purposes. The second group was proso mille in Shaanxi, Gansu and southern Xinjiang, China, and they were of high culms, high grass weight, and long and wide leaves, which could be used as grass material.

]]> http://192.168.1.152:8080/wk33/zwyj/EN/10.16035/j.issn.1000-7432.2018.06.010 The Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated in Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is a specific transcription factor in the plant that plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. However,genome-wide analysis of the GASA gene family has not been reported in wheat. To further explore the function of the wheat GASA gene, 35 TaGASA genes, named TaGASAs, were obtained by analyzing the latest genomic data of wheat and were ranked according to the chromosome number as TaGASA1-TaGASA35. Combined with the published genome data of cultivar Chinese Spring, genes structure, chromosome distribution, the conserved domain of proteins, phylogenetic trees and gene expression profiles of the wheat cultivars were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The results showed that 35 wheat TaGASA genes were distributed on the remaining 17 chromosomes except for 3A, 4A, 3B and 3D chromosomes. The genes encoded 78-264 amino acids in length and the number of gene exons was from 2 to 7. The results of tandem repeat analysis showed that fragment replication and tandem repeats were the main patterns of gene expansion in the wheat TaGASA family. The phylogenetic tree of wheat TaGASA proteins and the seven crops GASA proteins showed that GASA genes were divided into four categories, and the structure of the same class was similar. The 35 TaGASA genes family in wheat contain 10 motifs, and it is speculated that the wheat TaGASA gene family should contain motif1, motif2 and motif3. 35 TaGASA genes were all detected in 13 tissues and organs, and the expression of TaGASA genes in different tissues were significantly different.

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