基于智能化技术的果蔬农产品产地冷链物流发展现状与展望

doi:10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.03.007

智能化农业装备学报（中英文） ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (3): 63-74.DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.03.007

• • 上一篇

基于智能化技术的果蔬农产品产地冷链物流发展现状与展望

张睿智¹(), 刘倩媛¹(), 黄雨婴¹, 刘冰¹, 常志光¹, 王教领²^,³

^1.中农国科（南京）规划设计有限公司，江苏南京，210014
^2.农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所，江苏南京，210014
^3.农业农村部农产品加工与贮藏重点实验室，北京市，100193

收稿日期:2024-06-01 修回日期:2024-07-28 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-15
通讯作者: 刘倩媛

Development status and prospect of cold chain logistics of fruits， vegetables， and agricultural products based on intelligent technology

ZHANG Ruizhi¹(), LIU Qianyuan¹(), HUANG Yuying¹, LIU Bing¹, CHANG Zhiguang¹, WANG Jiaoling²^,³

^1.Zhongnong Guoke （Nanjing） Planning and Design Co. Ltd. ，Nanjing 210014，China
^2.Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Nanjing 210014，China
^3.Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Storage，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Beijing 100193，China

Received:2024-06-01 Revised:2024-07-28 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-15
Contact: LIU Qianyuan
About author:ZHANG Ruizhi， engineer； research interests： agricultural engineering consulting and planning design. E-mail： 312296315@qq.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301718);Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences under the Special Institute-level Coordination Project for Basic Research Operating Costs(S202328)；Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs（S2022KFKT-04)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果蔬产地冷链是降低产品损耗、提高产品品质的首要环节，更是薄弱环节。随着大数据技术在冷链物流中的应用，智能化设备与技术已成为提高果蔬产地冷链物流效率、延长果蔬保鲜期、降低果蔬损耗的重要载体，在果蔬预冷、分拣包装、检测、仓储、运输等方面有着诸多优势。本文通过研究总结国内外近几年发展迅速、使用广泛的智能化技术，包括以电磁或光学技术为基础的AGV智能搬运，以传感器、电子光学等技术为基础的智能分拣，以计算机视觉技术为基础的智能检测，以透视成像技术为基础的智能运输等，分析研究各学者在果蔬冷链仓储、分拣、检测、运输等环节中智能化技术应用的创新研究及取得的成果，提高了果蔬冷链物流效率。然而，智能化技术在果蔬冷链物流中的应用也面临诸多问题。成本高、技术融合难度高和人才短缺等挑战，使得智能化技术在果蔬冷链领域的发展受到一定限制。为解决当前存在的问题，提出通过自主研发、技术创新等手段进行成本控制，降低小型企业进入门槛。加强智能化技术与冷链物流系统的集成，提高数据安全性和系统兼容性。同时，政府应出台相关政策，提供必要的资金支持和人才培养机制。加快制定和完善冷链物流领域的智能化技术标准。通过技术创新、成本控制、人才培养和政策引导，推动农业产业升级，为果蔬冷链物流提质增效提供思路。

关键词: 果蔬, 冷链物流, AGV智能搬运, 计算机视觉, 光谱检测

Abstract:

The cold chain in the production area of fruits and vegetables is the primary link to reduce product loss and improve product quality， but it is also a weak link. With the application of big data technology in cold chain logistics， intelligent devices， and technologies have become important carriers for improving the efficiency of cold chain logistics in fruit and vegetable production areas， extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables， and reducing fruit and vegetable losses. They have many advantages in fruit and vegetable pre-cooling， sorting and packaging， testing， warehousing， transportation， and other aspects. This article summarizes the rapidly developing and widely used intelligent technologies at home and abroad in recent years， including automated guided vehicle intelligent handling based on electromagnetic or optical technology， intelligent sorting based on sensors， electronic optics， and other technologies， intelligent detection based on computer vision technology， intelligent transportation based on perspective imaging technology， etc. It analyses and studies the innovative research and achievements of various scholars in applying intelligent technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain storage， sorting， detection， transportation， and other links， and improves the efficiency of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics. However， applying intelligent technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics also faces many problems. The challenges of high cost， difficulty in technological integration， and talent shortages have limited the development of intelligent technology in the field of fruit and vegetable cold chains. To solve the current problems， it is proposed that costs be controlled through independent research and development， technological innovation， and other means to lower the entry threshold for small enterprises. Strengthen integrating intelligent technology and cold chain logistics systems to improve data security and system compatibility. At the same time， the government should introduce relevant policies， provide necessary financial support， and establish talent training mechanisms. Accelerate the development and improvement of intelligent technology standards in the field of cold chain logistics. Through technological innovation， cost control， talent cultivation， and policy guidance， we aim to promote the upgrading of the agricultural industry and provide ideas for improving the quality and efficiency of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

Key words: fruits and vegetables, cold chain logistics, automated guided vehicle intelligent handling, computer vision, spectral detection

中图分类号:

张睿智, 刘倩媛, 黄雨婴, 刘冰, 常志光, 王教领. 基于智能化技术的果蔬农产品产地冷链物流发展现状与展望[J]. 智能化农业装备学报（中英文）, 2024, 5(3): 63-74.

ZHANG Ruizhi, LIU Qianyuan, HUANG Yuying, LIU Bing, CHANG Zhiguang, WANG Jiaoling. Development status and prospect of cold chain logistics of fruits， vegetables， and agricultural products based on intelligent technology[J]. Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization, 2024, 5(3): 63-74.

图/表 5

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Application scenario	Intelligent technology	Key function	Dominance	Inferior
Intelligent warehousing	1)Intelligent temperature control: temperature and humidity sensors, Internet of Things, big data and other technologies 2) AGV intelligent handling: electromagnetic navigation technology, two-dimensional code navigation technology, laser navigation technology, vision navigation technology	1) Intelligent temperature control: real-time monitoring and precise control of temperature and humidity to ensure that fruits and vegetables are stored and transported in a suitable environment 2) Intelligent handling: realise autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance, improve handling efficiency and reduce manpower cost	1) Improving freshness and reducing energy costs 2）Improve handling efficiency and accuracy, reduce manual errors 3) Reduce labour intensity and improve working environment	1) Large initial investment 2) High technical threshold 3) The existence of data security risks
Intelligent sorting	Sensor and electro-optical technology, computer vision technology, Internet of Things, PLC automatic control technology, etc.	Fast and accurate sorting and grading of fruits and vegetables	Improve sorting speed and accuracy and reduce manual intervention	1) Highly technically demanding 2) Requires regular maintenance and calibration to ensure accuracy
Intelligent detection	Computer vision technology, near-infrared spectroscopy technology, acoustic properties application technology, electronic nose (tongue) technology, electric and magnetic properties application technology, X-ray and laser application technology, and so on	1） Non-contact, non-destructive testing of fruits and vegetables 2） Determine quality indicators such as sugar content and acidity as well as freshness and ripeness	Enables rapid, non-destructive testing to protect the integrity of fruit and vegetables	Equipment is costly and requires specialised personnel to operate and maintain; some detection techniques may be affected by environmental factors
Intelligent transport	GPS, Internet of Things and big data technology, perspective imaging technology, radioactive on-line detection technology, electromagnetic wave application technology, and so on	1) Real-time monitoring of the position, speed, temperature, humidity and other parameters of transport vehicles, and can automatically adjust and optimise transport routes and speed 2) Intelligent application of highway green channel to reduce clearance time	1) Improve transport efficiency 2) Reduce wastage and waste during transport	1) High investment 2) High dependence on network and data transmission

Application scenario	Intelligent technology	Key function	Dominance	Inferior
Intelligent warehousing	1)Intelligent temperature control: temperature and humidity sensors, Internet of Things, big data and other technologies 2) AGV intelligent handling: electromagnetic navigation technology, two-dimensional code navigation technology, laser navigation technology, vision navigation technology	1) Intelligent temperature control: real-time monitoring and precise control of temperature and humidity to ensure that fruits and vegetables are stored and transported in a suitable environment 2) Intelligent handling: realise autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance, improve handling efficiency and reduce manpower cost	1) Improving freshness and reducing energy costs 2）Improve handling efficiency and accuracy, reduce manual errors 3) Reduce labour intensity and improve working environment	1) Large initial investment 2) High technical threshold 3) The existence of data security risks
Intelligent sorting	Sensor and electro-optical technology, computer vision technology, Internet of Things, PLC automatic control technology, etc.	Fast and accurate sorting and grading of fruits and vegetables	Improve sorting speed and accuracy and reduce manual intervention	1) Highly technically demanding 2) Requires regular maintenance and calibration to ensure accuracy
Intelligent detection	Computer vision technology, near-infrared spectroscopy technology, acoustic properties application technology, electronic nose (tongue) technology, electric and magnetic properties application technology, X-ray and laser application technology, and so on	1） Non-contact, non-destructive testing of fruits and vegetables 2） Determine quality indicators such as sugar content and acidity as well as freshness and ripeness	Enables rapid, non-destructive testing to protect the integrity of fruit and vegetables	Equipment is costly and requires specialised personnel to operate and maintain; some detection techniques may be affected by environmental factors
Intelligent transport	GPS, Internet of Things and big data technology, perspective imaging technology, radioactive on-line detection technology, electromagnetic wave application technology, and so on	1) Real-time monitoring of the position, speed, temperature, humidity and other parameters of transport vehicles, and can automatically adjust and optimise transport routes and speed 2) Intelligent application of highway green channel to reduce clearance time	1) Improve transport efficiency 2) Reduce wastage and waste during transport	1) High investment 2) High dependence on network and data transmission

基于智能化技术的果蔬农产品产地冷链物流发展现状与展望

Development status and prospect of cold chain logistics of fruits， vegetables， and agricultural products based on intelligent technology

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