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智能化农业装备学报(中英文) ›› 2024, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (2): 61-69.DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2024.02.007

• • 上一篇    

丘陵山地小型圆捆机自动缠网装置设计与试验

安晶1(), 张克平1(), 李晓康2, 杨智凯1   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃 兰州,730070
    2.甘肃省机械科学研究院有限责任公司,甘肃 兰州,730030
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01 修回日期:2024-04-30 出版日期:2024-05-15 发布日期:2024-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 张克平
  • 作者简介:安晶,男,2000年生,甘肃渭源人,硕士研究生;研究方向为农业机械化工程。E-mail: anjng312@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(23ZDNA004);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-29)

Design and test of automatic net-wrapping mechanism for small round baler in hilly and mountainous areas

AN Jing1(), ZHANG Keping1(), LI Xiaokang2, YANG Zhikai1   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Gansu Academy of Mechanical Sciences Co. ,Ltd. ,Lanzhou 730030,China
  • Received:2024-04-01 Revised:2024-04-30 Online:2024-05-15 Published:2024-05-15
  • Contact: ZHANG Keping

摘要:

随着农业科技发展,农作物秸秆利用更加多元化,其需求量也随之增加。为解决丘陵山地小型圆捆机存在的草捆易散落、缠网层数不可调、自动化程度低等缺点,对圆捆机的缠网装置进行了模块化设计,包括送网机构、切网机构、检测机构以及控制电路的设计,对送网机构进行了力学分析,加工制造样机并完成试验验证。该装置通过检测机构检测运行参数,经控制器处理后向送网机构和切网机构发出相应的执行指令,从而实现了送网、缠网和切网的自动化作业,并实现了缠网层数可调。在缠网时,其摩擦限矩组件对丝网施加拉力,使丝网缠绕更加紧实,经力学分析得出丝网拉力大小取决于压紧弹簧弹力,可通过调节压紧弹簧改变丝网拉力大小,并提供了相应的调节方法。性能试验结果表明:该装置性能稳定,工作可靠,可对Φ500 mm×700 mm的干草捆进行自动缠网作业,丝网布满草捆侧面,无漏缠现象;在缠网层数为3层时,缠网成功率为95%,抗摔率为83.3%;在缠网层数为4层时,缠网成功率为100%,抗摔率为90%;在缠网层数为5层时,缠网成功率和草捆抗摔率均为100%。设计了一种丘陵山地小型圆捆机自动缠网装置,经试验验证,作业机性能稳定可靠,满足设计要求。在缠网层数为3层时,平地作业性价比最高,丘陵山地作业时,需根据作业坡度,调至4~5层。

关键词: 丘陵山地, 圆捆机, 缠网装置, 自动控制, 摩擦限矩

Abstract:

With the development of agricultural science and technology, the utilization of crop straw has become more diversified, and its demand has also increased. This paper aims to solve the disadvantages of small round baler in hills and mountainous areas, such as easy scattering of bales, unadjustable number of net layers and low degree of automation. The net-wrapping device was modularized, including the design of the net feeding mechanism, the net cutting mechanism, the detection mechanism and the control circuit, and the mechanical analysis of the net feeding mechanism was carried out. The operation parameters of the device are detected by the detection device, and send to corresponding execution instructions to the feeding mechanism and cutting mechanism after processing by the controller, thus realizing the automatic operation of feeding, winding and cutting, and realizing the adjustable number of winding layers. When the net is wrapped, the friction torque limit component exerts tension on the net, so that the net is more tightly wound, the mechanical analysis found that the net tension depends on the compression spring elasticity, and the corresponding adjustment method is provided. The performance test results show that the device has stable performance and reliable operation. It can automatically wrap the hay bale of Φ 500 mm×700 mm. The wire net covers the side of the bale without leakage and entangling. When the number of layers is 3, the success rate is 95% and the anti-fall rate is 83.3%. When the number of layers is 4, the success rate of wrapping is 100%, and the anti-fall rate is 90%. When the number of net layers is 5, the success rate of net-wrapping and the anti-fall rate of bale are 100%. This paper designed a small automatic net-wrapping mechanism for small round baler in hills and mountains areas, the test verified that the performance of the machine is stable and reliable, meet the design requirements. When the number of layers is 3, the cost performance of flat operation is the highest, and when the operation is hilly and mountainonous areas, it needs to be adjusted to 4-5 layers to the slope of the operation.

Key words: hilly and mountainous areas, round baler, net-wrapping mechanism, automatic control, friction limiting moment

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