关键词: 苹果园, 宜机化作业, 智能化, 割草, 施药, 采收运

Abstract:

Apple orchard production management is faced with the double challenge of rising labor costs and population aging. In order to improve operational efficiency， reduce production costs and improve fruit quality， the application of mechanization and intelligent technology in apple orchard production management is becoming more and more important. This paper summarizes the research progress of intelligent mechanization technology in apple orchard production and management under the conditions of wide rows and dense planting and inter-logging and stemming cultivation mode； and the research progress of mechanization technology and equipment and intelligent technology and equipment in key links such as orchard mowing， herbicide application， flower and fruit management， fruit harvest and transportation， and fruit tree branch processing is analyzed. it is found that although the mechanization degree of irrigation and fertilization is relatively high at this stage， pruning， flower thinning， fruit thinning， bagging， picking and other links still rely on manual labor and have a low degree of mechanization； and the application of intelligent technologies such as drones and the Internet of Things in orchard management is not yet widespread， and precision agriculture and automated control need to be strengthened； the existing technologies develop independently and lack effective integration， which affects the improvement of production efficiency and fruit quality； the technology integration is not high and the data collection and analysis capabilities are insufficient. For the current stage of intelligent orchard construction technology model， we need to research and develop orchard machinery and equipment adapted to different terrain conditions， and create a demonstration base for the whole process of mechanization； focus on research and development of mechanized intelligent technology for key production links， and promote easy-to-manipulate intelligent machinery； use multi-source information sensing equipment to realize the digital perception of orchard environmental information； carry out intelligent decision-making and precise operation to improve operational efficiency and quality， and realize mission tasks through the intelligent orchard operation and maintenance system. Intelligent orchard operation and maintenance system realizes the demand for task allocation and scheduling， operation control and monitoring， and provides technical support for building typical application scenarios of mechanization of the whole apple orchard production.

Key words: apple orchards, mechanized operations, intelligence, mowing, application, harvesting and transportation