English

智能化农业装备学报(中英文) ›› 2025, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1): 99-110.DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2025.01.010

• • 上一篇    

我国农田碳排放现状及固碳减排技术分析

邵美红1(), 吴芊颖2, 赵福建3, 王瑾2, 何勇2,4, 唐荣年5, MOSTAFA Rastgou2, 李文佑嘉2, 蒋茜静2()   

  1. 1.建德市农业技术推广中心,浙江 杭州,311600
    2.浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江 杭州,310058
    3.浙江家乐蜜园艺科技有限公司,浙江上虞,312369
    4.农业农村部光谱检测重点实验室,浙江 杭州,310058
    5.海南大学机电工程学院,海南 海口,570228
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30 修回日期:2024-06-24 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 蒋茜静
  • 作者简介:邵美红,男,1966年生,浙江建德人,研究员;研究方向为水稻生态高效栽培机理研究与农业推广等。E-mail: hzjdsmh@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(32271980);浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关项目(2022C02014);浙江省农业重大技术协同推广项目(2023ZDXT02)

A review of current GHG emissions in Chinese farmland and the carbon sequestration and emission reduction technologies

SHAO Meihong1(), WU Qianying2, ZHAO Fujian3, WANG Jin2, HE Yong2,4, TANG Rongnian5, MOSTAFA Rastgou2, LI Wenyoujia2, JIANG Qianjing2()   

  1. 1.Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Jiande,Hangzhou 311600,China
    2.College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China
    3.Zhejiang Jialemi Gardening Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Shangyu 312369,China
    4.The Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hangzhou 310058,China
    5.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China
  • Received:2024-05-30 Revised:2024-06-24 Online:2025-02-15 Published:2025-02-15
  • Contact: JIANG Qianjing
  • About author:SHAO Meihong,E-mail: hzjdsmh@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271980);Zhejiang Province's Key Pioneer Research Project(2022C02014);Major Agricultural Technology Collaborative Promotion Project of Zhejiang Province(2023ZDXT02)

摘要:

为应对全球气候变化,减少温室气体排放,助力我国“碳达峰,碳中和”目标如期实现,从农业角度综述了我国农田碳排放现状和固碳减排的实现路径。本研究综合分析了我国各部门碳排放总量、农业排放源组成及各省份间的区域排放差异,结果表明:我国温室气体排放变化可分为平稳增长、快速增长、显著减缓3个阶段,农业领域的温室气体来源主要为家畜肠道发酵、水稻生产释放的CH4气体和农田土壤微生物分解释放的N2O气体。这些排放源具有显著的区域和时间差异,具体受制于气候条件、种植结构及管理模式的影响。研究指出,改变现有农业管理模式是实现农业减排的关键,优化管理措施在减缓农业碳排放的同时,还能进一步增强农田碳汇功能。基于我国农田碳排放领域的关键词及未来研究方向进行聚类分析,本研究归纳了当前研究的热点领域与知识空白,指出在水田、旱地等不同类型农用地中,探索具有区域适应性的农艺管理措施对于提升固碳减排效能的重要意义。结合高频农艺措施对增产减排效果的分析结果,本研究从水肥管理优化、种植结构调整、秸秆还田与农业废弃物利用、低碳农业装备等方面系统阐述了农田固碳减排措施的实际可行性。本研究为我国农田固碳减排的理论研究与实践应用提供了系统的科学依据,并对相关节能减排技术的推广提出了指导性建议。通过聚焦未来农业绿色发展路径,本研究为我国农业领域实现“双碳”目标提供了参考思路与方向。

关键词: 农田, 温室气体, 碳排放, 甲烷, 氧化亚氮, 碳汇

Abstract:

To address global climate change, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and support China's “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, this study reviews the current state of farmland carbon emissions in China and explores pathways for carbon sequestration and emission reduction from an agricultural perspective. A comprehensive analysis of carbon emissions across sectors, the composition of agricultural emission sources, and regional differences among provinces reveals that the evolution of China's GHG emissions can be divided into three phases: steady growth, rapid growth, and significant deceleration. The primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the agricultural sector include methane (CH4) emissions from livestock enteric fermentation and rice production, as well as nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from microbial decomposition in agricultural soils. These sources exhibit significant regional and temporal variations, influenced by factors such as climate conditions, cropping patterns, and management practices. The study pointed out that changing current agricultural management practices is key to achieving emission reductions in agriculture. Optimizing management measures can not only mitigate agricultural carbon emissions but also enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of farmlands. Based on a cluster analysis of keywords and future research directions in the field of farmland carbon emissions in China, this study identifies current research hotspots and knowledge gaps. It emphasizes the importance of exploring regionally adaptive agronomic management practices to improve the effectiveness of carbon sequestration and emission reduction in different types of agricultural land, such as paddy fields and drylands. By analyzing the effects of high-frequency agronomic practices on increasing yields and reducing emissions, the study systematically elucidates the feasibility of measures such as optimizing water and fertilizer management, adjusting cropping structures, incorporating straw return and agricultural waste utilization, and adopting low-carbon agricultural equipment. This research provides systematic scientific evidence for theoretical studies and practical applications of farmland carbon sequestration and emission reduction in China. It also offers guidance for the promotion of relevant energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies. By focusing on the future pathways for green agricultural development, this study offers strategic insights for achieving the “dual-carbon” goals in China's agricultural sector.

Key words: agricultural field, greenhouse gases, carbon emission, CH4, N2O, carbon sequestration

中图分类号: