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智能化农业装备学报(中英文) ›› 2025, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (2): 88-96.DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2025.02.008

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基于ADAMS的榨菜联合收获机拔取装置动力学仿真分析

周冉(), 宋志禹, 金月(), 蒋清海   

  1. 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,江苏 南京,210014
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-26 修回日期:2024-11-03 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 金月
  • 作者简介:周冉,男,1995年出生,江苏沭阳人,硕士,助理工程师;研究方向为果蔬茶收获技术与装备。E-mail:zr1796948428@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(研究开发类项目)(NJ2023-08);余姚市科技计划项目(JHNS20210305);中国农业科学院创新工程果蔬茶收获技术装备创新团队

Simulation analysis of mustard combine harvester extraction device based on ADAMS

ZHOU Ran(), SONG Zhiyu, JIN Yue(), JIANG Qinghai   

  1. Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China
  • Received:2024-06-26 Revised:2024-11-03 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: JIN Yue
  • About author:ZHOU Ran, E-mail: zr1796948428@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Demonstration and Extension Project of Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment and Technology in Jiangsu Province(NJ2023-08);Science and Technology Plan Project of Yuyao City(JHNS20210305);the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

摘要:

针对榨菜采收期倒伏程度不一致和菜球不规则难以确定收获受力情况的问题,基于榨菜特殊的生长性状设计联合收获机,创新采用先拔后切根的收获方式,并对关键的拔取装置进行动力学仿真分析。在分析榨菜收获过程及其受力状况的基础上,深入研究拔取装置的V形圆锥辊与榨菜之间的相互作用力,得出榨菜被拔取时不同时刻受到的静摩擦力、弹性恢复力、动摩擦力,建立拔取榨菜的动力学模型。为深入分析拔取装置对榨菜的作用情况,进一步优化装置关键参数,在SolidWorks中建立该装置的三维模型,简化后导入ADAMS软件中进行仿真。在综合分析榨菜被拔取的受力点和受力大小等实际情况后,采用衬套力Bushing模拟非刚体菜球与根部之间的柔性连接,构建榨菜与联合收获机拔取装置的刚柔耦合模型。选择拔取辊开口间距、拔取辊转速、行驶速度为试验因素,以拔取力为试验指标,进行拔取过程性能仿真试验,揭示不同作业参数对拔取装置拔取力的影响规律。从仿真试验结果的曲线可知,拔取辊的开口间距、拔取辊转速与拔取力无明显的线性关系,拔取力的稳定性随着开口间距和机具行驶速度的增大而降低;拔取装置的工作效率随着开口间距的增大而降低,与拔取辊转速无关。试验结果极差分析表明,拔取装置的最优工作参数组合为拔取辊开口间距45 mm、拔取辊转速120 r/min、行驶速度1.0 km/h,此时拔取力最大,最值为487.2 N,研究结果为榨菜联合收获机的设计与优化提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 榨菜联合收获机, 拔取装置, 刚柔耦合模型, 动力学仿真分析

Abstract:

To address challenges associated with inconsistent lodging degree and the irregular corm size during the harvest of tumorous stem mustard, which is difficult to determine the optimal harvesting forces, a specialized combine harvester was designed based on the special growth traits of this crop. An innovative harvesting methodology, involving initial pulling followed by root cutting, was adopted, and the dynamic simulation analysis of the key pulling device was carried out. Based on the analysis of the harvest process of mustard tuber and its stress state, the interaction force between the V-shaped cone roller of the extraction device and the mustard tuber was studied in detail. Static friction, elastic restoring force, and dynamic friction force at different stages of the plucking process were mathematically derived, so as to establish the dynamic model for corm extraction. To comprehensively analyze the interaction between the extraction device and the mustard tuber, and further optimize the key parameters of the device, a three-dimensional model of the mechanism was established using SolidWorks, subsequently simplified and imported into ADAMS software for dynamic simulation. Considering the application points and magnitudes of forces experienced by the mustard corm during extraction, a bushing force element was employed in simulate to represent the flexible connection between the tuber (modeled as a non-rigid body) and its root. This approach enabled the construction of a rigid-flexible coupling model representing the interaction between the mustard and the combine harvester's pulling device. Taking the pull-out force as the primary performance metric, the performance simulation tests of the pull-out process were carried out by selecting the opening spacing of the pull-out roll, the rotation speed of the pull-out roll and the driving speed as the test factors. The influence of different operating parameters on the pull-out force exerted by the pull-out device was elucidated. Analysis of the simulation results indicated no obvious linear relationship between the opening spacing of the pulling roller, the rotation speed and the extraction force. Furthermore, the stability of the extraction force was observed to decreases with the increases in both the opening spacing and the driving speed of the machine. The working efficiency of the extraction device decreases with an increase in opening spacing, and was found to be largely independent of the pulling rollers' rotational speed. The range analysis of the test results identified the optimal working parameter combination of the extraction device as: the opening spacing of the extraction roller 45 mm, the rotation speed of the extraction roller 120 r/min, and the driving speed 1.0 km/h. Under these conditions, the extraction force was the largest, the maximum value 487.2 N. The research results provide theoretical support for the design and optimization of the mustard combine harvester.

Key words: mustard combine harvester, extraction device, rigid-flexible coupling model, dynamic simulation analysis

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