天空地一体化信息感知与融合技术发展现状与趋势

doi:10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2023.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于卫星遥感、无人机遥感、智能感知终端及物联组网的新型农情监测技术在各自领域内取得了重大进展，然而单一监测手段难以满足现代农业的全面感知需求，亟须发展多源、多尺度天空地协同监测与智能感知体系。本研究首先介绍了我国现代农业发展中的一些问题并指出了发展天空地信息融合技术的必要性；然后对天、空、地传统感知信息技术分别解析，对卫星遥感技术在各个领域的应用进行归纳，再对近地端无人机遥感技术在病虫害检测、表型分析、干旱胁迫检测等细分领域中的数据获取处理方式进行总结，最后概述了地面网络中智能感知终端和物联网络的关键技术与组网方式，并详细分析天、空、地传统感知信息技术的优缺点、关键技术、发展趋势。结合现有监测技术存在的不足，概述了国内外天、空、地感知技术在农情一体化监测中的最新研究成果与应用情况，在此基础上，指出了天空地一体化农业信息融合技术研究与应用中尚未解决的关键技术问题，提出了我国天空地信息感知与融合技术要朝着稳定性、精细化、系统化方向发展，为今后多源信息融合监测技术发展与应用提供新视角新思路。本研究为分析天、空、地信息感知热点动态，突破相关应用瓶颈，以及把握一体化感知与融合技术发展趋势提供了借鉴和参考，以期助力中国农情信息获取立体化、精准化和智能化发展。

关键词: 农情感知, 卫星遥感, 无人机遥感, 地面监测, 多源信息融合

Abstract: New agricultural monitoring technologies based on satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, intelligent sensing terminals and IoT network have made significant progress in their respective fields. However, it is difficult for single monitoring ways to meet the comprehensive sensing needs of modern agriculture, so it is urgent to develop a multi-source, multi-scale of space-air-ground cooperative monitoring and intelligent sensing system. The study first introduces some problems in China's agricultural development and points out the necessity of using space-air-ground information fusion technology; then analyzes the traditional sensing information technology of space, air and ground respectively. The applications of satellite remote sensing technology in different fields and the data acquisition and processing methods of UAV remote sensing technology in the subdivision fields of pest and disease detection, phenotype analysis and drought stress detection are summarized. Finally, the key technologies and networking methods of intelligent sensing terminal and IoT networks in ground networks are analyzed, and advantages and disadvantages, key technologies, and future development trends of space, air, ground network are analyzed respectively in detail. Combined with the deficiencies of the existing monitoring technology, this study summarizes the latest research results and applications of space, air and ground sensing technology in the integrated agricultural situation monitoring at home and abroad. Based on above analysis, the key technical problems that have not been solved in the research and application of space-air-ground integrated agricultural information sensing and fusion technology are pointed out. In addition, this study proposes that China's space-air-ground information sensing and fusion technology should develop in the direction of stability, refinement, and systematization, which provides a new perspective for the development and application of multi-source information fusion monitoring technology in the future. This study provides a reference for analyzing the hotspots of space, air and ground information sensing, breaking through the bottleneck of their applications, and grasping the development trend of integrated sensing and fusion technology, so as to enhance development of China's agricultural information perception in the way of three'dimension, preciseness and intelligence.

Key words: agricultural information perception, satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, ground monitoring, multi-source information fusion

中图分类号:

聂鹏程, 钱程, 覃锐苗, 邓水光, 孙崇德, 何勇. 天空地一体化信息感知与融合技术发展现状与趋势[J]. 智能化农业装备学报（中英文）, 2023, 4(2): 1-11.

NIE Pengcheng, QIAN Cheng, QIN Ruimiao, DENG Shuiguang, SUN Chongde, HE Yong. Development status and trends of space-air-ground integrated information sensing and fusion technology[J]. Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization, 2023, 4(2): 1-11.

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