瓶栽食用菌工厂化生产洗瓶机的设计与实现

doi:10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2023.04.005

智能化农业装备学报（中英文） ›› 2023, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (4): 33-40.DOI: 10.12398/j.issn.2096-7217.2023.04.005

瓶栽食用菌工厂化生产洗瓶机的设计与实现

王教领(), 王明友, 吴今姬, 丁天航, 周德欢, 宋卫东()

农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所，江苏南京，210014

收稿日期:2022-05-25 修回日期:2023-09-25 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-11-15
通讯作者: 宋卫东，研究员.E-mail： songwd@163.org.cn
作者简介:王教领，助理研究员。E-mail： kclwjl@126.com

Design and implementation of bottle washing machine for bottled edible fungus factory

WANG Jiaoling(), WANG Mingyou, WU Jinji, DING Tianhang, ZHOU Dehuan, SONG Weidong()

Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Nanjing，210014

Received:2022-05-25 Revised:2023-09-25 Online:2023-11-15 Published:2023-11-15
Contact: SONG Weidong， Researcher， research interests： edible fungus production and fruit and vegetable processing technology and equipment. E-mail： songwd@163.org.cn
About author:WANG Jiaoling， Doctorate， Associate Researcher， research interests： edible fungus production and fruit and vegetable processing technology and equipment. E-mail： kclwjl@126.com
Supported by:
National Edible Fungus Industry Technology System(CARS-20);Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Intelligent Equipment and Robotics Open Fund(2023ZJZD2301);Innovation team for fruit and vegetable production and processing technology and equipment(2023)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

工厂化生产是我国食用菌行业未来的主要发展方向。目前，我国食用菌的工厂化生产以木腐菌为主，其生产过程包括装瓶、杀菌等一系列环节，直至挖瓶结束。但是，挖瓶后，洗瓶仍采用人工清洗，清洗效率低，人工成本高。在分析食用菌工厂化生产中洗瓶要求的基础上，介绍了食用菌洗瓶机的工作原理，根据洗瓶工艺要求设计了洗瓶机的控制系统。围绕软硬件系统，分析了驱动模块、执行器模块和传感器模块的功能和主要型号选择，建立了气动驱动系统。根据洗瓶机的洗瓶流程，采用光洋SH-32R作为编程器，绘制电气原理图，基于水平语言编写了洗瓶机的控制程序。试制和测试表明，洗瓶机运行平稳，喷嘴平均压力为0.33 MPa，每瓶耗水量为0.1 kg，单次清洗时间为10 s，符合工厂化洗瓶的要求。

关键词: 食用菌, 分解, 控制系统, 洗瓶机, PLC

Abstract:

Industrial production of edible fungi is the future development direction of China’s edible fungi industry. At present， the industrial production of edible fungi in China is dominated by wood-rotting fungi， and its production process includes bottling， sterilization and a series of links until the end of bottle digging. However， after bottle digging， the bottle cleaning still adopts manual cleaning， which leads to low washing efficiency and high labor costs. Based on analyzing the requirements of bottle washing in the industrial production of edible fungi， this paper introduces the working principle of bottle washing machines in the industrial production of edible fungi and designs the control system of bottle washing machines on this basis. Around the hardware and software system， this paper analyzes the functions and main model selection of the drive module， actuator module， sensor module， and designs the pneumatic drive system. According to the process of the bottle washing machine， using Guangyang SH-32R as a programmer， the electrical schematic diagram is drawn， and the control program of the bottle washing machine is written in level language. The trial production and test show that the bottle washing machine runs smoothly， the average pressure of the nozzle is 0.33 MPa， the water consumption of each bottle is 0.1 kg， and the single cleaning time is 10 s， which meets the requirements of industrial bottle washing.

Key words: edible fungi, factorization, control system, bottle washing machine, PLC

中图分类号:

王教领, 王明友, 吴今姬, 丁天航, 周德欢, 宋卫东. 瓶栽食用菌工厂化生产洗瓶机的设计与实现[J]. 智能化农业装备学报（中英文）, 2023, 4(4): 33-40.

WANG Jiaoling, WANG Mingyou, WU Jinji, DING Tianhang, ZHOU Dehuan, SONG Weidong. Design and implementation of bottle washing machine for bottled edible fungus factory[J]. Journal of Intelligent Agricultural Mechanization, 2023, 4(4): 33-40.

图/表 12

Figure 1 Basket of bacteria bottles

Figure 2 Overall structure of bottle washer1. Rack　2. Bottle feeding guide rail　3. Bottle feeding push plate 4. Bottle washing push rod　5. Console　6. Push rod of bottle washing box 7. Prewetting water pipe　8. Bottle feeding guide rod　9. Bottle washing box 10. Brush the frame table　11. Grab frame manipulator 12. Bottle washing table　13. Bottle discharge spray water pipe A. Bottle outlet position　B. Bottle washing position C. Pre-wetting position　D. Bottle feeding position

Figure 3 Structure of basket grasping manipulator1. Lifting guide rod　2. Motor　3. Brush plate hand 4. Brush the bottom brush in the basket

Figure 4 Structure of bottle washing box1. Guide post hole　2. Cylinder 3. Air pressure line interface　4. Grasp

Figure 5 Partial view of bottle washing table

Table 1 Distribution of Hall switches

Sensor position	Sensor model
Push rod cylinder reset	che8-10na-h710
Bottle washing advance limit	che8-10na-h710
Lifting limit of basket grasping manipulator	NJK-8001
Bottle washing box advance limit	che8-10na-h710
Bottle washing box reset	che8-10na-h710

Table 2 Model of deceleration motor

Motor function	Motor model
Brush frame upper and lower bottom motor	GN5K/5IK90GN-CF (2)
Motor for brush bottle bottom and bottle mouth	5GN5K/5IK90GN-CF

Figure 6 Composition of control system

Table 3 Model of cylinder used in this design

Name	Type of cylinder (MAL)
1# bottle pushing cylinder/(mm×mm)	Φ25×500
2# bottle washing and bottle-feeding cylinder/(mm×mm)	Φ25×500
3# basket grabbing manipulator and lifting cylinder/(mm×mm)	Φ10×50 Φ25×800
4# Cylinder of bottle washing box for lateral movement/(mm×mm)	Φ25×500
5# Lifting cylinder of bottle washing table/(mm×mm)	Φ20×200
6# Air cylinder for lifting brush plate up and down /(mm×mm)	Φ20×200

Figure 7 Structure diagram of the pneumatic system

Figure 8 Flow chart of bottle washing

Figure 9 Electrical schematic diagram of bottle washer

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瓶栽食用菌工厂化生产洗瓶机的设计与实现

Design and implementation of bottle washing machine for bottled edible fungus factory

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